计算机组成 6
Chapter Appendix Storage Networks and other peripheralsintroduction of I/O不容易度量性能并设计
Three Characters of I/O
Behavior
input
output
storage
Partner
Data rate
Throughput and Response time 吞吐量和响应时间
A.2 Disk Storage and Dependabilityfloppy disk
hard disk
platter 盘
track 轨道
sector 扇区，存储数据的最小单位
FlashMeasure Dependability
MTTF Mean time to failure 平均无故障时间
MTTR Mean time to repair 平均修复时间
MTBF=MTTF+MTTR Mean time between failure 平均故障时间间隔
Availability
$Availability=\frac ...
计算机组成 5
Chapter 5 Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
Memory Technologies (介绍存储类型)
Memory Hierarchy Introduction (层次化概念)
The basics of Cache (高速缓存介绍)
Measuring and improving cache performance (高速缓存性能提升)
Dependable Memory Hierarchy ()
Virtual Machines (虚拟机)
Virtual Memory (虚拟内存)
A common Framework for Memory Hierarchy (计算机通常层次化内存结构)
Using FSM to Control a simple Cache (用状态机控制缓存)
1. Memory TechnologiesReview:
SRAM:
use CMOS as a basic element.
N型（没有小圆圈）给1是导通状态
P型（有圆圈）给0是导通状态
vcc 接p，gnd接n，构成一个非门。
两个CMOS反相器构成1b ...
计算机组成 4
Chapter 4 Processorcomputer CPU:
control unit
data path
Outline
Introduction
Logic Design Conventions
Building a Data path
A Simple Implementation Scheme
Introduction:The Data path
The Control unit
Instruction execution of instructionFetch
take instruction from the instruction memory
modify pc to point the next instruction
Instruction decodingexecutive controlmemory accessWrite to memoryUpdate PC
HazardsStructure hazards指令在不同步骤执行的过程中访问硬件冲突
所以RISCV将指令和数据分开存储
还有一种：WB和ID之间Structure haz ...
计算机组成 2
Lecture 2 Instructions: Language of the MachineOutline
Introduction
Operations of the computer hardware (计算机硬件的操作)
Operands of the computer hardware(计算机硬件的操作数)
Signed and unsigned numbers (有符号和无符号数) 太简单跳过了
Representing instructions in the computer(计算机中指令的表示)
Logical operations(逻辑操作)
Instructions for making decision(决策指令)
Supporting procedures in computer hardware(计算机对过程的支持) （函数）
Instruction addressing (指令的寻址)
Operationdesign principle 1 Simplicity favors regularity规范化让操作更简单简单可以保证低消耗和高性能
...
计算机组成 3
Chapter 3 Arithmetic for Computer6 Design Ideas for Computer Organization
bit
Byte =8bit
word =32bit =4Byte
计组中，一个word就是一个指令多少
1 bit ALUAddition Subtraction
Overflow: a xor b == 0, a and b are carryout bits.
Adder: G_i=generator, P_i=propagator.
Carry Lookahead Adder (CLA)用G和P项进行同步进位，位数过大使用多级CLA结构G是自身进位因素，P是上一级进位因素
Carry Select Adder (CSA)提前算好两种进位的结果，最后根据实际结果进行选择
MultiplicationUse multiplier who use adder and shifter.
Actually: Multiplier for 64bit and 64bitOnly use 6 ...
计算机组成 1
Lecture 1Logical board - Composed of integrated circuits in an iPad
CPU (Processor)
data path 数据通路
control 控制通路
Flash （Memory）
Volatile
DRAM
SRAM
Nonvolatile
Solid state memory, flash memory
Magnetic disk
Power controller
I/O controller
Computer Organization
Software
Application software
System Software
Operation System (OS)
Compiler :GCC
Firmware (Driver software)
Hardware
CPU
Control unit
Data Path
path: mux
ALU
Registers
…
Memory
I/O interface
input: keyboard
Output ...
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